Forerunners and early forms

 The first person to promote a Satanic philosophy was the Pole Stanislaw Przybyszewski, who promoted a Social Darwinian ideology.[122]


The use of the term "Lucifer" was also taken up by the French ceremonial magician Eliphas Levi, who has been described as a "Romantic Satanist".[123] During his younger days, Levi used "Lucifer" in much the same manner as the literary romantics.[124] As he moved toward a more politically conservative outlook in later life, he retained the use of the term, but instead applied it as to what he believed was a morally neutral facet of the Absolute.[125] In his book Dogma and Ritual of High Magic, published in two volumes between 1854 and 1856, Levi offered the symbol of Baphomet.[126] He claimed that this was a figure who had been worshipped by the Knights Templar.[123] According to Introvigne, this image gave "the Satanists their most popular symbol ever".

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